This post is not about Irish Trad, but rather about another one of my obsessions: electronic home projects. They’re really not very different. Anyway, after a temporary art installation in my front yard, I was left with a bunch of bright white LEDs and I started to think how I could put them to some good use. So I started reading up on LEDs, and armed with a soldering iron, scraps of gooseneck wire tubing, a 17V power brick from an expired laptop and some plexiglass I came up with the following contraption:


Cozy, isn’t it? The LEDs are arranged in 6 parallel strands of 4 LEDs in series, which can be seen on the following pic. There is a copper wire that runs across the leads in the front (+) and in the back (-), which means that all strands share the same source.

The first design was rather naive. I figured that since I have 4 LEDs in series and each needs 3.7V at 20mA (that’s what the label said), I could simply let the LEDs have 4 x 3.7V = 14.8V and insert a resistor that would take up the remaining 2.2V from the power supply. When I hooked it all up I had the fortune of doing so via a current meter. While I got a really bright light, the current that was flowing was about twice what I expected and the whole affair got hot pretty quickly. Not the way to go. Reading into the matter a little bit, I learned is that LEDs are very fussy about current, whereas the voltage taken up by them can vary considerably, each LED exhibiting its own individual value. Exceed the rated voltage by a fraction, and the current shoots up really fast. After all, these are not linear devices! This meant that I had to learn how to build a current regulator that would feed a constant 120mA into the LED array. The schematic I came up with looks something like this:

As it turns out, the resistor values are not trivial to calculate, so I concocted a little spreadsheet for future projects. Knowing how easily the calculated currents can be off in reality, I substituted one of the resistors with a potentiometer so I could fine-tune the current with the multimeter. In real life, the above circuit looks like this:

Hey, I didn’t say it was pretty! I wrapped the transistor in some aluminum foil for a heat sink. The LEDs get plenty hot too, but apparently that’s what they do, even under normal conditions. Note that running the LED strands in parallel makes the design prone to “current hogging”. To do this right, one would have to either balance out the strands by matching each LED empirically, or by using an LED controller that regulates each strand individually. Maybe next time!